Water Power

( Original Source : Wikipedia Encyclopedia, Photo : Google Images )

Energy in water (in the form of motive energy or temperature differences) can be harnessed and used. Since water is about a thousand times denser than air, even a slow flowing stream of water, or moderate sea swell, can yield considerable amounts of energy.

The reservoir created for hydroelectric dams may initially produce significant amounts of carbon dioxide and methane from rotting vegetation. Once this vegetation is gone, no additional greenhouse gases are produced. In some cases they may produce more of these greenhouse gases than power plants running on fossil fuels. They also affect water quality, creating large amounts of stagnant water without oxygen in the reservoir, and excessive air bubbles in the water downstream from the dam, both of which impact aquatic life. Failures of large dams, while rare, are potentially. Though the dams can be built stronger, at greater cost, they are still prone to sabotage and terrorism. Smaller dams and micro hydro facilities are less vulnerable to these threats. Wave and tidal stream power demonstration projects exist, but large scale development requires additional capital.

Wayang Kulit : A highlight of Javanese culture

( Original Source : Discover-indo.tierranet.com Website, Photo : Google Images )

Wayang is a Javanese word meaning "shadow" or "ghost", kulit means "leather", and added together "shadow from leather". The wayang kulit is the flat one and it is made with buffalo leather. They are maipulated behind a white screen with a back light, so the attendance can see them as shadow puppets. Wayang Kulit in Central Java is probably one of the oldest continuous traditions of storytelling in the world, and certainly among the most highly developed. Wayang is well integrated in Javanese society, and it is considered to be a highlight of Javanese culture. Wayang Kulit was already established in the East Javanese kingdoms one thousand years ago.

In 2003 the UNESCO proclaimed the Wayang puppets Theater of Indonesia as a "Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity". The related action plan recommends that specialized schools play a greater role in the transmission of traditional skills linked to wayang and that support be provided to enable puppeteers to earn a living as professional performers. The plan also calls for the creation of inventories, publications, audio-visual recordings and seminars designed to encourage research.

Penguin

( Original Source : Wikipedia Encyclopedia )


Penguins (order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere.

The number of penguin species has been and still is a matter of debate. Depending on which authority is followed, biodiversity varies between 17 and 20 living species, all in the subfamily Spheniscinae. Some sources consider the White-flippered Penguin a separate Eudyptula species, while others treat it as a subspecies of the Little Penguin, the actual situation seems to be more complicated. Similarly, it is still unclear whether the Royal Penguin is merely a color morph of the Macaroni penguin. Also possibly eligible to be treated as a separate species is the Northern population of Rockhopper penguins. Although all penguin species are native to the southern hemisphere, they are not, contrary to popular belief, found only in cold climates, such as Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin actually live so far south. At least ten species live in the temperate zone; one lives as far north as the Galápagos Islands (the Galápagos Penguin).

Kangaroo (macropodidae macropus)

A kangaroo is any of several large animals of the Macropodidae, a marsupial family that also includes the wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons and the Quokka, some 63 living species in all. Kangaroos are endemic to the continent of Australia, while tree-kangaroos are found on both Australia and New Guinea. The term kangaroo is sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to all members of the macropod family, but is generally reserved for the four largest macropods, namely the Red Kangaroo, the Antilopine Kangaroo, and the Eastern and Western Grey Kangaroo of the Macropus genus. Smaller macropods are called wallabies, while some intermediate in size are called wallaroos. ( Original Source : Wikipedia Encyclopedia, Photo Source : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo#/media/File:Macropus_giganteus_-_Brunkerville.jpg)

The Movie : Transformers

( Original Source : Wikipedia Encyclopedia )

Following a battle on Cybertron, events move to the Arctic Circle during the 1800s where Captain Archibald Witwicky is shown chipping away at a massive sheet of ice, only to break through it and fall into the abyss, landing on a robotic hand partially buried in the ice. He finds the eyes of Megatron staring back at him. Megatron burns a map showing the location of the mysterious Allspark into Witwicky's eyeglasses, which are handed down to his descendant, Sam (Shia LaBeouf), in the present day. When Witwicky buys his first car from dealer Bobby Bolivia (Bernie Mac), it happens to be the Autobot Bumblebee, and Witwicky comes under the protection of the Autobots as the Decepticons come looking for the map.

Elsewhere, Decepticons Blackout and Scorponok attack a United States Air Force base in Qatar in the present day. The Allspark has also been referred to as both the Energon Cube and the Energon Crystal; the earliest description credited it as "responsible for Transformer life on Earth." The Allspark is based upon the Creation Matrix of the original Transformers comics.

Wind Power

( Original Source : Wikipedia Encyclopedia, Photo : Google Image )

Wind power uses the naturally occurring energy of the wind for practical purposes like generating electricity, charging batteries, or pumping water. Wind turbines capture the kinetic energy in the wind, converting it into electrical energy. Utility-scale turbines are mounted on tall towers, usually 100 feet or more above the earth's surface where the wind is faster and less turbulent. In utility-scale power applications, anywhere from one or two to several hundred turbines are connected to the utility grid, providing electricity when the wind blows.

Kinetic energy in airflows can be used to run wind turbines; some are capable of producing 5 MW of power; turbines with rated output of 1.5-3 MW have become the most common for commercial use. The power output of a turbine is a function of the cube of the wind speed, so high-power output can be achieved as wind speed increases, though turbines must shut off at extreme wind speeds to prevent damage. Areas where winds are stronger and more constant, such as offshore and high altitude sites, are preferred locations for wind farms.

Lily (lilium)

( Original Source : Wikipedia Encyclopedia, Photo Source : Google Images )

The plants of the genus Lilium are the true lily plants, comprising a genus of about 100 species in the lily family, Liliaceae. They are important as showy and large flowered garden plants, and in literature.
Lilies are native to the northern temperate regions. Their range in the Old World extends across much of Europe, the north Mediterranean, across most of Asia to Japan, south to the Nilgiri mountains in India, and south to the Philippines. In the New World they extend from southern Canada through much of the United States. A few species formerly included within this genus have now been placed in other genera. These include Cardiocrinum and Nomocharis.
They are commonly adapted to either woodland habitats, often montane, or sometimes to grassland habitats. A few can survive in marshland and a single one is known to live as an epiphyte (L. arboricola). In general they prefer moderately acidic or lime-free soils.

Bamboo (poaceae bambusoideae)

( Original Source : Wikipedia Encyclopedia, Photo Source : Google Images )

Bamboos are a group of woody perennial evergreen plants in the true grass family Poaceae, subfamily Bambusoideae, tribe Bambuseae. Some of its members are giants, forming by far the largest members of the grass family. There are 91 genera and about 1,000 species of bamboo. They are found in diverse climates, from cold mountains to hot tropical regions. They occur from Northeast Asia (at 50°N latitude in Sakhalin), south throughout East Asia west to the Himalaya, and south to northern Australia. They also occur in sub-Saharan Africa, and in the Americas from the southeast of the USA south to Chile, there reaching their furthest south anywhere, at 47°S latitude. Major areas with no native bamboos include Europe, north Africa, western Asia, northern North America, most of Australia, and Antarctica.

Manta Ray

( Original Source : Wikipedia Encyclopedia, Photo Source : Google Images )

The manta ray, or giant manta (Manta birostris), is the largest of the rays, with the largest known specimen having been nearly 7.6 meters (25 ft) across its pectoral fins (or "wings") and weighed in at 3,000 kg (6,600 lb). It ranges throughout the tropical seas of the world, typically around coral reefs. Mantas are most commonly black above and white below, but some are blue on their backs. A giant manta's eyes are located at the base of the cephalic lobes on each side of the head, and unlike other rays the mouth is found at the anterior edge of its head. To breathe, like other rays, the manta has five pairs of gills on the underside.

With distinctive "horns" (from which the common name 'devil ray' stems), on either side of its broad head, the manta is a prized sighting by divers. These unique structures are actually derived from the pectoral fins. During embryonic development, part of the pectoral fin breaks away and moves forward, surrounding the mouth. This gives the Manta Ray the distinction of being the only jawed vertebrate to have novel limbs (the so-called six-footed tortoise (Manouria emys) does not actually have six legs, only enlarged tuberculate scales on their thighs that look superficially like an extra pair of hind limbs). These flexible horns are used to direct plankton, small fish and water into the Manta's very broad and wide mouth. To make them more streamlined when swimming, they are able to curl them up.